Novel nanoparticles of cerium-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks with dual benefits of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory functions against periodontitis

. ZIF-8 exhibited an excellent anti-biofilm function against periodontal pathogens. Although 10% Ce doping into ZIF-8 slightly reduced the antibacterial effects, the CFU reduction still remained at approximately 2 orders of magnitude. More importantly, ZIF-8:Ce exhibited increasing anti-inflammatory effects with increasing amounts of Ce doping. In addition, ZIF-8:Ce10% exerted much better anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory factor expression via restraining the NF-kB/p65 subunit translocation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, ZIF-8:Ce10% elevated the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Therefore, the novel ZIF-8:Ce nanoparticles provided a unique insight into the development of effective anti-inflammatory and antibacterial platforms for treating periodontitis.