This work proposes the unified field as a time-potential landscape, suggesting new insights into gravity and motion.
This work argues that the long-sought unified field is fundamentally a time-potential field, with physical time defined as a local settlement readout rather than an external parameter. Within this framework, mass first establishes a time-potential landscape and gravity emerges as its gradient readout. Orbital motion is reinterpreted as budget closure in a non-uniform time-potential field, yielding unified explanations for Kepler’s laws, Mercury’s perihelion advance, and solar light bending as readouts of the same solar time-potential at different operating points. The theory further provides a nanosecond-level, strongly discriminating prediction for GEO noon–midnight clock bias and its annual modulation, and clarifies gravity’s locality by separating static “slope reading” from propagation of landscape reconfiguration. Finally, charge and electromagnetism are formulated as signed time-potential perturbations with distinct readout operators, together with falsifiable observational paths and an engineering outlook.
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Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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