International comparisons of neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born very preterm

We summarise rates of survival and neurodevelopmental impairment in very (<32 weeks' gestation) and extremely (<28 weeks' gestation) preterm infants using data from recent meta-analyses. Methodological issues that require consideration when comparing international data are highlighted using examples of population-based or multi-centre cohorts of children born extremely preterm. The impact of baseline population, outcome definition, gestational age assessment, age at neurodevelopmental assessment, year of birth and follow-up rates are discussed. The impact of the intensity of perinatal care and of post-discharge management on survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes is also discussed. There is a future need for harmonisation of data collection and for more accurate and standardised reporting of neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm children.