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Freestanding lace is a method to create a lace by machine embroidery. Lace has advantages compared to the other fabrics in terms of skin-compatibility, weight, and aesthetics. In this paper, we present SkinLace, a freestanding lace by machine embroidery for on-skin interface. Conductive thread, water-soluble stabilizer, and home embroidery machine can create SkinLace, which is aesthetic, light, skin-compatible, body-conforming, durable, and inexpensive. The freestanding lace approach enables aesthetic customizable lace and patches through a combination of non-conductive and colorful threads. We propose three different applications of SkinLace; on-skin displays, capacitive touch sensing, and RFID tag antenna. Tension of the thread in the embroidery machine and the accuracy of the stitch are the main challenges, but the advantages and potential to create more complex circuitry and to enhance sensing capability present rich opportunities for further exploration.
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Jo et al. (2021) studied this question.