Assessment of Constrained-Off in Renewable Energy Integration in Brazil

The rapid expansion of renewable energy sources, particularly wind and solar, has posed significant operational and financial challenges to Brazil’s National Interconnected System (SIN). This study provides a comprehensive assessment of curtailment events categorized as Energetic Reason (ENE), Reliability Reason (CNF), and Electrical Reason (REL). Using a data-driven approach, the analysis focuses on temporal patterns, revenue losses, and regional wind and solar generation disparities. Results reveal substantial inefficiencies and financial losses, especially in high-renewable-penetration regions, highlighting the urgent need for targeted investments in grid infrastructure, regulatory reforms, and advanced curtailment management strategies. This paper contributes to the sustainable integration of renewables into the Brazilian energy matrix, guiding the optimization of system stability and efficiency.