Independent relevance of adiposity measures to coronary heart disease risk among 0.5 million adults in UK Biobank

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Sex-specific hazard ratios for coronary heart disease with increasing levels of adiposity among men and women before and after mutual adjustment. Hazard ratios (HRs) were stratified by age at risk and UK region, and adjusted for education, deprivation index, ethnicity, smoking and alcohol consumption among (a) men and (b) women. HRs were calculated for tenths defined by the overall baseline adiposity measurements, with the middle six tenths combined in pairs, thus plotting seven groups corresponding to the top and bottom two tenths and the middle three fifths of each distribution. The area of each box is proportional to the amount of statistical information (i.e. it is inversely proportional to the variance of the log-HR). Error bars indicate the 95% CI. Closed squares represent HRs not adjusted for other adiposity measures. n=456 495 after exclusion of participants as described in Supplementary Figure S1 (available as Supplementary data at IJE online). BMI, body mass index; HC, hip circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WC, waist circumference

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  Figure 2.. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for coronary heart disease per standard deviation higher adiposity measure before and after mutual adjustments in (a) men and (b) women. Hazard ratios (HRs) were stratified by age at risk and UK region, and adjusted for education, deprivation index, ethnicity, smoking and alcohol consumption. The area of each box is proportional to the amount of statistical information (i.e. it is inversely proportional to the variance of the log-HR). Error bars indicate the 95% CIs. BMI, body mass index

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  Figure 3.. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for coronary heart disease risk per standard deviation higher adiposity measures with progressive adjustment for baseline risk factors. Hazard ratios (HRs) were stratified by age at risk and UK region, and adjusted for education, Townsend deprivation index, ethnicity, smoking and alcohol consumption. The area of each box is proportional to the amount of statistical information (i.e. it is inversely proportional to the variance of the log-HR). Error bars indicate the 95% CIs. Participants were excluded as shown in Supplementary Figure S1 (available as Supplementary data at IJE online). BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin

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  Figure 4.. Observed and genetic coronary heart disease risk (95% confidence intervals) per usual standard deviation higher adiposity measure among men and women combined. Observational analyses were restricted to 456 495 participants without outlying/missing adiposity variables or a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Genetic analyses were restricted to unrelated 369 225 participants of European ancestry, with complete genetic information, and without outlying/missing adiposity variables or a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Observational estimates were adjusted for age at baseline, ethnicity, education, region, smoking and alcohol. Genetic risk scores were composed of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered in European populations by using the GIANT consortia at genome-wide significance (P=5×10–8). All SNPs were weighted by the effect size as estimated in the GIANT consortia. Genetic analyses include also multivariable Mendelian randomization and were stratified by age at risk and region, and adjusted for age at baseline (5-year groups), age,2 sex, the first 10 genetic principle components, batch number and array type. The area of each box is proportional…