The Crowd in the Ancient World 2. Some Medieval Crowds and Machiavelli on the Roman People 3. The Crowd and Liberty: Machiavelli, Montesquieu, and America 4. Some Historians on the Crowd before and after the French Revolution: Gibbon, Carlyle, Michelet and Taine 5. The Crowd as a Clue to the Mystery of the Modern World: Taine Against the Enlightenment 6. From the Criminal Crowd to a Social Theory: Scipio Sighele and Gabriel Tarde 7. Crowd Theory Makes its Way in the World: The Le Bon Phenomenon 8. The Leader and his Crowd: Freud's Group Psychology (1921) 9. The Triumph of the Crowd: Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf (1924-5) 10. The Sanity of Crowds and the Madness of Power: Elias Canetti's Crowds and Power (1960)
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A 1989 study studied this question.