Molecular Peripheral Electronegativity Modulates Crystallization Kinetics for Efficient Organic Solar Cells

). As a result, devices employing Y-2FPh, Y-Ph, and Y-2OMePh as acceptors achieve photovoltaic efficiencies of 18.28%, 19.00%, and 18.84%, respectively. Notably, when incorporated as guest components, all three acceptors markedly enhance the performance of the D18:L8-BO reference, with the Y-2OMePh-based ternary device delivering an impressive efficiency of 20.01%. This work establishes peripheral electronegativity as a pivotal handle for finely tuning aggregation and exciton/charge properties toward high-performance solar cells.