Indications, Technical Advantages, and Debatable Aspects of Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Comprehensive Review

Laparoscopic appendectomy has emerged as the preferred surgical approach for treating acute appendicitis, one of the most common abdominal emergencies. This review explores the key indications, technical benefits and ongoing controversies surrounding laparoscopic appendectomy. While diagnosing acute appendicitis is typically straightforward, atypical presentations due to variable appendix locations can complicate management. Advances in imaging and scoring systems have improved diagnostic accuracy, yet timely surgical intervention remains crucial. Compared to open appendectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy offers several advantages, including reduced postoperative pain, a shorter hospital stay, quicker recovery and better cosmetic outcomes. However, concerns persist regarding intra-abdominal abscess formation, operative time, and cost effectiveness, particularly in complicated or atypical cases. Additionally, debates continue on whether to remove a macroscopically normal appendix and the appropriateness of laparoscopic appendectomy in certain patient populations. This review synthesizes the current evidence to clarify the evolving role of laparoscopic appendectomy in managing both routine and complex cases of acute appendicitis.