The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in the Modernization of the Sectors of Uzbekistan's Economy

This article analyzes the role of foreign direct investment in the modernization of the sectors of Uzbekistan’s economy. The study examines the impact of foreign investment on industry, energy, mining, agriculture, transport and logistics, and the digital economy. The article is based on data from the National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the “Uzbekistan — 2030” Strategy, legislative acts related to investment activity, as well as the views of domestic and foreign scholars. The results of the analysis show that foreign direct investment not only brings capital into the national economy, but also exerts a modernization effect through technological renewal, managerial experience, increased production efficiency, and the expansion of export potential. At the same time, the effectiveness of foreign investment depends not so much on its volume as on sectoral allocation, integration with the domestic economy, and the level of technology transfer.