Anions included: A series of meso-tetraaryl calix[4]pyrrole receptors have been used as a model system to quantify chloride–π interactions in solution (see picture; green balls are chloride ions). The free energy values are generally indicative of a repulsive interaction; their magnitude depends on the substituent on the aromatic ring.
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Gil‐Ramírez et al. (2008) studied this question.
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