Nanotechnology and chemical engineering as a tool to bioprocess microalgae for its applications in therapeutics and bioresource management

Microalgae are a dynamic biological resource with various biotechnological applications. During recent times, the scope of this application has expanded to include: nutritional health foods, pharmaceuticals, agricultural and industrial products, environmental remediation and bioenergy production. At the same time, the methods and technologies to bioprocess microalgae for the intended applications have also evolved. However, there are still significant developments needed to reach the full potential of microalgae. The presented review discusses current methodologies to improve the effectiveness of algal feedstocks by bioprocessing them innovatively with cost-effective and environmentally sustainable techniques for their applications in therapeutics and bioresource management. The first section discusses the diversity of microalgae and its applications. In following sections, bioprocessing microalgae for their applications in therapeutics focusing on the efficacy of algae-mediated metallic nanoparticles against microbial infections and cancer is discussed. In addition, a discussion on bioresource management to produce value-added products for bioenergy and bioresource conservation elaborated the potential of microalgae as a biological reservoir to resolve the energy crisis for the modern world.