High-Performance Polyimide Filaments and Composites Improved by O2 Plasma Treatment

Interface issues urgently need to be addressed in high-performance fiber reinforced composites. In this study, different periods of O₂ plasma treatment are proposed to modify twist-free polyimide (PI) filaments to improve hydrophilicity and mechanical and interfacial properties. Feeding O₂ produces chemically active particles to modify the filament surface via chemical reactions and physical etching. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, the PI filaments exhibit an 87.16% increase in O/C atomic ratio and a 135.71% increase in the C⁻O functional group after 180 s O₂ plasma treatment. The atomic force microscope (AFM) results show that the root mean square roughness (Rq) of the treated PI filaments increases by 105.34%, from 38.41 to 78.87 nm. Owing to the increased surface oxygenic functional groups and roughness after O₂ plasma treatment, the contact angle between treated PI filaments and water reduces drastically from the pristine state of 105.08° to 56.15°. The O₂ plasma treated PI filaments also demonstrate better mechanical properties than the pristine PI filaments. Moreover, after O₂ plasma treatment, the adhesion between PI filaments and poly(amic acid) (PAA) is enhanced, and the tensile strength of the polyimide/poly(amic acid) (PI/PAA) self-reinforced composites increases from 136 to 234 MPa, even causing the failure mode of the composite changes from adhesive failure to partly cohesive failure.