Associations Between Poor Sleep Quality, Anxiety Symptoms, and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents Before and During COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Concurrent and cross-lagged associations between poor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms. (A) Unadjusted models. (B) Models adjusting for age, sex, living arrangement, family relations, student-teacher relations, ever smoking, and ever drinking; for clarity of presentation, the standardized coefficients of the control variables were not displayed in the model but were included in the analyses. SE, standard error; the solid line meant the standardized coefficient was statistically significant.

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  Figure 2. Concurrent and cross-lagged associations between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. (A) Unadjusted models. (B) Models adjusting for age, sex, living arrangement, family relations, student-teacher relations, ever smoking, and ever drinking; for clarity of presentation, the standardized coefficients of the control variables were not displayed in the model but were included in the analyses. SE, standard error; the solid line meant the standardized coefficient was statistically significant.