Toxicological evaluation reveals cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of persistent phosphonium compounds, highlighting the need for emission regulation.
are persistent in contact with sediment and suspended solids and tend to sorb onto sediment particles. Toxicological studies (reactive oxygen species (ROS) after substance exposure, Ames test, Micronucleus test, determination of cytotoxicity) with selected QPCs confirmed that all of them exhibit cytotoxicity and some even genotoxic potential at elevated concentrations, which emphasizes the need for an emission regulation of these compounds.
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Brand et al. (2018) studied this question.
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