Onset and end of drop formation along the surface of turbulent liquid jets in still gases

The onset and end of drop formation along the surface of turbulent liquid jets in still gases was studied for liquid/gas density ratios greater than 500 where aerodynamic effects are small. Measurements were correlated using a phenomenological turbulent breakup theory based on the interactions between the turbulence energy spectrum and the energy requirements for drop formation. The onset and end of drop formation along the surface generally was associated with turbulent eddies in the internal and large-eddy subranges of the turbulence spectrum, respectively, although breakup of the entire liquid column ends breakup along the surface in some instances, as well.