Evaluating Quality of Life of Prostate Cancer Patients After Radical Prostatectomy

Background Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and has a significant impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). The treatment of prostate cancer, particularly through radical prostatectomy, offers curative benefits but often results in adverse effects such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. These issues can persist long after treatment, affecting both physical and mental well-being. Beyond these complications, patients may also experience emotional distress, anxiety, and social implications, such as changes in relationships and self-perception. As such, evaluating QoL post-treatment is essential in understanding the comprehensive impact of prostate cancer care. Methodology This study involved 110 prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. QoL was assessed using the Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) at the following three points: before treatment and at six and 12 months post-treatment. The evaluation focused on physical, emotional, and social aspects of health. Patients with psychiatric disorders or those unable to understand Greek were excluded from the study. Results The study participants' average age ranged from 67 to 82 years (mean = 74.2 years). A significant improvement in social functioning was observed between the first and second assessments. Improvements were also seen in physical functionality, emotional well-being, and general health, but these changes were not statistically significant. By the third assessment (12 months post-surgery), significant improvements were noted in vitality, though other changes, including in physical, emotional, and role functioning, were not significant. Conclusions Radical prostatectomy is effective for cancer control but often results in persistent QoL issues such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. While there are improvements in certain areas such as vitality and social functioning, managing the full spectrum of physical and psychosocial impacts requires a holistic approach. Incorporating psychological support and sexual rehabilitation into treatment plans is essential to enhance the QoL of prostate cancer patients. The integration of patient-reported outcomes in clinical care is crucial for ensuring comprehensive and effective treatment.