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PURPOSE: Uveitis is a relatively common eye condition that can lead to substantial symptoms and visual impairment. Identifying modifiable risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the causal role of smoking in uveitis by summarizing existing evidence on its impact on pathogenesis, disease progression, and treatment outcomes. METHODS: . Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE methodology. Former smokers also had an increased risk (OR 1.23), and smokers showed a tendency toward more complications. CONCLUSION: Smoking is a significant and modifiable risk factor for uveitis. These findings support the integration of smoking cessation into clinical management and prevention strategies.
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Kuč et al. (2025) studied this question.
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