Histological Study on the Possible Protective Effect of Probiotics versus Fosinopril in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is major health issue implicated in high rates of mortality globally. Fosinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) which is linked to ameliorating cardiovascular disorders. Probiotics emerged as modern agents which proved to be beneficial in many diseases. Aim of work: The present study investigated the possible cardioprotective role of probiotics versus fosinopril on isoproterenol (ISO) -MI in albino rats. Material and Methods: Thirty-six albino rats were assigned into: groups I (control), II, III & IV. From day 1 to day 14, Groups II, III & IV received 1ml saline, probiotics (2×106 CFU/ml) & fosinopril (0. 9 mg/kg), respectively. All were orally once daily. Then, received subcutaneous ISO (85mg) for 2 consecutive days on day 15 and 16 and sacrificed on day 17. Blood samples were collected for biochemical studies including Creatine Kinase-Muscle/Brain (CK-MB), Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) & Plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD). Heart specimens from left ventricle were subjected to H&E, Masson’s trichrome, immunohistochemical (alpha-smooth muscle actin and connexin-43) staining. Morphometric measurements in the form of mean area % of collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin and connexin-43 and statistical studies were performed. Results: Group II illustrated features of myocardial damage. All biochemical and structural parameters of group II were deteriorated demonstrating myocardial damage. Groups III and IV displayed improvements of the studied parameters. These improvements were more obvious in group III than IV. Conclusion: Probiotics and fosinopril provided evidence for their prophylactic effects on MI. It was proved that probiotics have the upper hand as prophylactic therapy for myocardium.