High-Performance PCF-Based SPR Sensor for Robust Petroleum Monitoring

Accurate detection of petroleum-based compounds like pentanol is vital for quality and efficiency in sectors such as energy and lubrication. Conventional techniques often lack sufficient sensitivity and real-time monitoring capabilities. To address this, we propose a novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor utilizing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for precise identification of petroleum compounds, with a focus on pentanol. The sensor incorporates three central apertures to enhance electromagnetic field concentration and employs gold as a durable plasmonic material. Its external analyte positioning not only simplifies fabrication but also ensures robust performance in challenging industrial environments. After thorough optimization of structural parameters including air hole diameter and gold layer thickness the sensor demonstrates a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 9000 nm/RIU and an amplitude sensitivity of 2450 RIU⁻¹, substantially outperforming current alternatives. With its high sensitivity, compact structure, and reliable operation, this sensor is ideally suited for applications such as fuel blending monitoring and quality assurance in the petroleum industry.