Nano Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor in Vital Signs and Respiratory Parameters monitoring

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have attractive capabilities for numerous applications, especially in the biomedical field, where they are promising for use in health monitoring due to their high sensitivity, accuracy, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this study, two simple experimental setups using FBG nanosensors (NS) for real-time monitoring of vital signs and respiration are proposed as a form of structural health monitoring (SHM) for the human body with two different setups monitored pulse rate from the hands and respiratory signals from the mouth and nose in three subjects. The experimental results and findings were primarily based on the transmitted Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensor, despite the use of a relatively low power source. The data showed that the sensor successfully detected changes in heart rate and exhalation signals, with faster left-hand heart rates causing greater wavelength shifts and mouth breathing showing a significant effect compared to nose breathing. These experimental results were also validated using numerical simulations with OptiGrating and OptiSystem software. As a result, the FBG nanobiosensors provide sufficient real-time monitoring information, indicating their strong potential for use in sleep, coma, and ambulatory health monitoring scenarios.