The descriptions, design specifications, placement locations, spacing and various applications of Cross-Vane, W-Weir and J-Hook Vane structures are presented. These structures were developed and subsequently applied to: 1) establish grade control, 2) reduce streambank erosion, 3) facilitate sediment transport, 4) provide for irrigation diversion structures, 5) enhance fish habitat, 6) maintain width/depth ratio, 7) improve recreational boating, 8) maintain river stability, 9) dissipate excess energy, 10) withstand large floods, 11) maintain channel capacity, 12) be compatible with natural channel design, and 13) be visually acceptable to the public.
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David L. Rosgen (2001) studied this question.