Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with influenza infection: A retrospective study and review of the literature

INTRODUCTION: There has been a rapid increase in the number of influenza and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) co-infection. OBJECTIVES: To explore the risk factors and predictors of a poor prognosis in influenza and IPA co-infection. METHODS: We included patients with confirmed influenza during the 2017-2018 influenza season and cases of influenza and IPA co-infection in the literature. RESULTS: T cell counts on ICU admission [315 (83-466) cells/μL vs 152 (50-220) cells/μL, P = 0.031] and more requirement extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support [13 (50%) vs 7 (18.9%), P = 0.015]. CONCLUSIONS: T cell counts lower than 200 cells/μL on ICU admission and more ECMO requirement might be predictors of a poor prognosis.