Thermal performance, entropy generation, and machine learning insights of Al₂O₃-TiO₂ hybrid nanofluids in turbulent flow

C, respectively. The maximum Nusselt number enchantment is 70.4% for 1 vol% of hybrid nanofluid compared to the water. Similarly, hybrid nanofluids achieved a remarkable reduction in total entropy generation of 46% in contrast to the base fluid. New correlations are proposed to predict both the Nusselt number and friction factor for hybrid nanofluids. Furthermore, employing machine learning techniques, highly accurate models are developed. These findings highlight the promising role of hybrid nanofluids in achieving efficient thermal management in various applications.