Evolution of fecal microbiota transplantation in methodology and ethical issues

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the core therapy for remodeling the gut microbiota with a long medical history, has gained great attention worldwide in recent years. Increasing studies have explored its indications, methodology, efficacy, safety, and ethics. Purified forms of FMT, using an automated method for the purification of fecal microbiota from stool, has become a reality. Colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing makes frequent FMT delivery into the whole colon feasible. This review focuses on the recent progress in laboratory preparation, updated clinical strategies, novel delivery methods, and ethical issues surrounding FMT in clinical studies.