Miniaturized disordered photonic molecule spectrometer

). Through dynamic manipulation of photon frequency, amplitude, and phase, a broad operational bandwidth exceeding 100 nm can be attained with an ultra-high spectral resolution of 8 pm, all encapsulated within an ultra-compact footprint measuring 70 × 50 μm². The disordered photonic molecule spectrometer is constructed on a CMOS-compatible integrated photonics platform, presenting a pioneering approach for high-performance and highly manufacturable miniaturized spectroscopy.