Energy consumption, water utilisation and waste production are now important environmental issues. However, compilations of data are not readily available, making it difficult for companies to assess how they are performing. This review aims to summarise the data that are available, including some benchmarking values. Also discussed are techniques for reducing water and energy consumption and waste production, tools for monitoring this and assistance that is available to improve efficiency ratios and reduce costs associated with these issues. Using information in this review, an individual company should be able to compare its performance against others producing similar products, nationally or globally in order to set and maintain rational benchmarking values to improve its performance and deal with environmental concerns.
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Rad et al. (2013) studied this question.
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