Robust Coordination Expansion Planning for Active Distribution Network in Deregulated Retail Power Market

During the deregulation of retail power market, multiple stakeholders are gradually involved in distribution network to invest distributed resources and participate in power transactions, bringing great uncertainty to grid operations. This paper proposes a novel robust coordination expansion planning method that considers non-network solutions in a deregulated retail market, including the closed-loop demand response and other controllable strategies. A double-nested game model is constructed to simulate the bi-directional interaction between distribution system operator and stakeholders. Given that this model cannot be solved directly, a tri-layer decomposition algorithm is presented to enable a distributed optimization of the coupled problem. Furthermore, the case study is implemented on an IEEE 33-bus distribution system and an IEEE 123-bus distribution system, which demonstrates the efficiency and practicability of the proposed method and highlights its merits on enhancing flexibility and postponing unnecessary investments.