Additive effect of combined pollutants to UV induced skin OxInflammation damage. Evaluating the protective topical application of a cosmeceutical mixture formulation

and DEE in combination with UV in increasing levels of several oxidative (4HNE, HO-1) and inflammatory (COX2, NF-κB) markers and loss of barrier-associated proteins, such as filaggrin and involucrin. Furthermore, daily topical pre-treatment with the CF Mix prevented upregulation of the inflammatory and oxidative markers and the loss of both involucrin and filaggrin. In conclusion, this study is the first to investigate the combined effects of three of the most harmful outdoor stressors on human skin and suggests that daily topical application may prevent pollution-induced skin damage.