Harnessing photosynthesis for materials, devices, and environmental technologies

. The light-dependent inputs and outputs are harnessed for environmental purification, biomedical applications, and production of biofuel, electricity, nanomaterials, or bioplastics. In this review, we summarize photosynthesis-assisted materials and engineering applications based on the products and substrates of photosynthetic processes, and we highlight key challenges that remain to be addressed.