Self-Reported Medication Adherence Measured With Morisky Medication Adherence Scales and Its Determinants in Hypertensive Patients Aged ≥60 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Figure 1. Flow diagram of the study.

Figure 2. Percentages of hypertensive patients identified as adherent in 13 studies included in the meta-analysis, along with 95% confidence intervals (−95 to +95% CI). Blue boxes represent adherence in individual studies and blue whiskers correspond to 95% confidence intervals. Vertical dashed line and black diamond represent overall adherence determined in the meta-analysis and black whiskers correspond to 95% confidence interval.

Figure 3. Percentages of hypertensive patients identified as adherent in 13 studies included in the meta-analysis, stratified according to the type of medication adherence scale used: MMAS-8 (11 studies, blue boxes, and whiskers) or MGL Medication Adherence Scale (2 studies, red boxes, and whiskers). Blue and red diamonds represent overall adherence determined in the studies using MMAS-8 and MGL Medication Adherence Scale, respectively. Meaning of other symbols identical as in Figure 2.

Figure 4. Percentages of hypertensive patients identified as adherent in 13 studies included in the meta-analysis, stratified according to the country of the study: Western (7 studies, blue boxes, and whiskers) or non-Western (6 studies, red boxes, and whiskers). Blue and red diamonds represent overall adherence determined in the studies involving patients from Western and non-Western countries, respectively. Meaning of other symbols identical as in Figure 2.