The western Venezuelan llanos hold great potential for investigations into the organization and development of prehispanic chiefdoms. Recent research has revealed that beginning c. AD 500–600 dramatic cultural developments include the emergence of three‐level settlement hierarchies according to site size and architecture, substantial population growth, the appearance of social differentiation in residential and burial patterns, systems of drained‐field agriculture, and extensive networks of earthen causeways.
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Spencer et al. (1992) studied this question.
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