Subnivean Spider Groups in Anthropogenically Transformed Soils of the Botanical Garden with Perm State University

Unlike the warm season, winter is the least studied aspect of spider life in temperate regions. The composition and spatiotemporal dynamics of spider groups in the urban protected area of the Botanical Garden with Perm State University during the periods of stable snow cover (in 2021–2025) are studied. The material was collected using pitfall traps with a subnivean exposure at seven plots with different vegetation. Spiders represent the main component in the subnivean complex of epigeic invertebrates (71%). A total of 14 species belonging to six families are observed (12% of the total species richness in the Botanical Garden), with the Linyphiidae family being prevalent in both the prewinter (82%) and winter (53%) seasons. The differences between the dominant complex of the plots with grass and trees are identified, as well as the specific phenological features of mass species under the conditions of the Perm Cis-Urals. An important result is the discovery of a naturalizing population of Ostearius melanopygius, an alien species, under open ground conditions.