Securing Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS): Technical and Organizational Challenges

Quantum-as-a-Service (QaaS) platforms are transforming how quantum computing resources can be accessed, deployed, and scaled. As their capabilities evolve, they are likely to become increasingly attractive targets for attackers. QaaS systems integrate sensitive workloads, proprietary algorithms, and hybrid orchestration between classical and quantum systems in complex cloud environments. This paper presents a QaaS-specific security blueprint informed by recent technical literature and established cybersecurity risk-management perspectives. It examines QaaS-related risks along the confidentiality, integrity, and availability triad and identifies eight governance factors that can support organizations in shaping their QaaS security posture. The paper also highlights the potential of QaaS to become a driver for cybersecurity innovation, enabling quantum-enhanced risk analysis, attack-path modeling, and resource optimization. The resulting framework equips stakeholders with a management-oriented perspective for securing QaaS infrastructures while preparing to leverage their future potential.