Breathable Bioadhesive Electronic Skin for Precise Multimodal Electrophysiological Monitoring with AI-Assisted Physiological-State Prediction

-hydroxysuccinimide ester (PAA-NHS), seamlessly integrated with a liquid metal (LM) serpentine conductive path. Compared with commercial electrodes (gel-based wet electrode), this MESME exhibits high mechanical flexibility and conformability, superior breathability, robust bioadhesion, stable electrical performance under perspiration, and motion conditions and lower interfacial impedance, enabling high-fidelity multimodal signal acquisition. Leveraging this capability, the multimodal signals generated by MESME can be further integrated with deep learning for drowsiness prediction, achieving a validation accuracy of 97.14%. This platform offers a practical strategy for multimodal electrophysiological monitoring and supports future development of data-driven health assessment models.