Nonlinear dynamic effects of humidity and pre-stretch on the anisotropic dielectric elastomer minimum energy structure

Humidity is an important environmental factor affecting dielectric elastomer systems. However, its influence on nonlinear dynamics remains poorly understood, particularly in anisotropic dielectric elastomer minimum energy structures. To explore the effects of humidity, pre-stretch, and anisotropy parameters on the nonlinear dynamic response of the system, we developed a theoretical model and conducted numerical simulations to investigate the system’s behavior under no voltage, direct current voltage, and alternating current voltage conditions. The numerical results show that increases in humidity and pre-stretch result in a higher equilibrium angle. However, the effect of humidity on the equilibrium angle diminishes as the anisotropy parameter increases. Furthermore, as the anisotropy parameter increases, the structure remains stable, and the dynamic response remains periodic. These results provide theoretical guidance for the design and application of dielectric elastomer minimum energy structures considering both humidity effects and material anisotropy.