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OBJECTIVES: To determine and explore the effectiveness of diet modification on dietary nutrient intake, aspiration, and fluid intake in adults with dysphagia. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with dysphagia. DESIGN: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: statistics evaluated heterogeneity. RESULTS: In total, 16 RCTs from among 3,854 studies retrieved from the literature search with 1812 adults with dysphagia were included in this meta-analysis. Texture-modified diets revealed a significant small effect on increasing energy intake (g: 0.37, 95% CI = 0.05-0.68) and a medium effect on increasing protein intake (g: 0.56, 95% CI = 0.13-0.99). Thickened fluids revealed a significantly reduced risk of aspiration (OR: 0.59, 95% CI = 0.44-0.79), and thickened fluids combined with water protocol revealed a significant large effect on increasing fluid intake (g: 3.96, 95% C = 0.75-7.16). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrated that texture-modified diets increase dietary intake of energy and protein for adults with dysphagia. In addition, thickened fluids reduced the risk of aspiration while thickened fluids combined with water protocol increased fluid intake in adults with dysphagia.
Chu et al. (Wed,) studied this question.