Key result
New Hankel decomposition method tracks walking HR with ~2 bpm mean absolute error.
Why the study?
Accurate heart rate estimation from single PPG signals is limited by motion artifacts from hand movements and walking.
A novel algorithm utilizing pre-quality checking and Hankel decomposition effectively mitigates motion artifacts to accurately estimate heart rate from a single PPG sensor and accelerometer.
A new method for accurately estimating heart rates based on a single photoplethysmography (PPG) signal and accelerations is proposed in this study, considering motion artifacts due to subjects' hand motions and walking. The method comprises two sub-algorithms: pre-quality checking and motion artifact removal (MAR) via Hankel decomposition. PPGs and accelerations were collected using a wearable device equipped with a PPG sensor patch and a 3-axis accelerometer. The motion artifacts caused by hand movements and walking were effectively mitigated by the two aforementioned sub-algorithms. The first sub-algorithm utilized a new quality-assessment criterion to identify highly noise-contaminated PPG signals and exclude them from subsequent processing. The second sub-algorithm employed the Hankel matrix and singular value decomposition (SVD) to effectively identify, decompose, and remove motion artifacts. Experimental data collected during hand-moving and walking were considered for evaluation. The performance of the proposed algorithms was assessed using the datasets from the IEEE Signal Processing Cup 2015. The obtained results demonstrated an average error of merely 0.7345 ± 8.1129 beats per minute (bpm) and a mean absolute error of 1.86 bpm for walking, making it the second most accurate method to date that employs a single PPG and a 3-axis accelerometer. The proposed method also achieved the best accuracy of 3.78 bpm in mean absolute errors among all previously reported studies for hand-moving scenarios.
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Thakur et al. (2023) studied Heart rate estimation during motion. Heart rate estimation algorithm using pre-quality checking and Hankel decomposition vs. Previously reported methods was evaluated on Mean absolute error in heart rate estimation (bpm). A new heart rate estimation method using pre-quality checking and Hankel decomposition achieved a mean absolute error of 1.86 bpm for walking and 3.78 bpm for hand-moving scenarios.
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