Stress-Related Amygdala Metabolic Activity Is Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot 18F-FDG PET/CT Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. The flowchart of study design. 18F-FDG PET/CT, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography; KUAH, Korea University Anam Hospital.

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  Figure 2. Representative images of AmygA (A) and comparison of Amyg SUVmax (B), Temporal SUVmean (C), and AmygA (D) between the postmenopausal women diagnosed with and without osteoporosis. Osteoporosis (-), n = 72; Osteoporosis (+), n = 43. Amyg SUVmax; maximum standardized uptake value of amygdala, Temporal SUVmean; mean standardized uptake value of temporal lobe, AmygA; the metabolic activity of amygdala; Amyg SUVmax/Temporal SUVmean. *Statistically significant difference. Amyg SUVmax and AmygA were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test. Temporal SUVmean was analyzed with Student’s t-test.

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  Figure 3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of AmygA to identify osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The optimal cut-off value was chosen by the maximum Youden index [sensitivity−(1−specificity)] on the ROC curve.

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  Figure 4. (A) Correlation scatter plot between AmygA and PWI-SF score. (B) Comparison of AmygA according to the severity of psychological stress. Healthy, n = 51; M-stress, n = 51; H-stress, n = 13. PWI-SF; psychosocial well-being index-short form, Healthy, healthy group; M-stress, moderate stress risk group; H-stress, high stress risk group. ***p < 0.001; vs. Healthy, ### p < 0.001; vs. M-stress. AmygA was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey’s test.