How Perceptions and Innovations through Solar Panels in STEAM Projects?

This study investigates students’ perceptions and innovations in developing solar panel technology through STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) project-based learning. Two prototypes were produced: a Solar-Powered NFT Hydroponic System for sustainable agriculture and a Motion Detection with Solar Energy (MDSE) device for home security. Using thematic analysis, this research examined design decisions, performance outcomes, and the functionality of solar panels in real-life conditions. The findings indicate that STEAM-based solar projects enhance electrical independence, reduce operational costs, and support environmental sustainability. The hydroponic system generated higher power output to maintain water circulation, while the MDSE model provided stable voltage for sensor activation. These innovations demonstrate the role of STEAM in advancing practical renewable energy solutions and contribute to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).