Development of an advanced in vivo imaging framework for comprehensive quantitative assessment of human placental microstructure and microvasculature

The placenta plays a critical role in fetal development by regulating nutrients, gas, and waste exchange between the mother and fetus. Abnormalities in placental structure and function are associated with serious pregnancy complications, including placental insufficiency which may lead to fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and stillbirth. There has been growing enthusiasm toward developing non-invasive placental imaging technologies for early diagnosis, monitoring, and deeper understanding of placental abnormalities. We propose advancing non-invasive placental imaging by developing an advanced in vivo imaging framework for comprehensive quantitative assessment of human placental microstructure and microvasculature. Our framework synergistically integrates and advances spectral-based quantitative ultrasound imaging, pulse-echo speed-of-sound imaging, and ultrafast-Doppler-based blood flow imaging. In this talk, we will discuss key technical innovations that address the challenges of in vivo human imaging and present preliminary results from a pilot case–control study evaluating the imaging framework for assessing placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. [Work supported in part by the Carilion Clinic Research Acceleration Program.]