Impact of Postcalving Intrauterine Enzymes Therapy on Uterine Health, Fertility, Biochemical Indices, and Milk Production in Dystocia‐Affected Buffaloes

This study investigated the effect of postcalving intrauterine proteolytic enzyme therapy on uterine involution, ovarian rebound, milk yield, biochemical indices, and postpartum fertility in dystocia‐affected buffaloes. Thirty buffaloes were randomly assigned to two groups. The treatment group (Group I; n = 15) received a combination of proteolytic enzymes, that is, trypsin (16 mg), chymotrypsin (16 mg), and papain (8 mg) dissolved in 500 mL normal saline (NS) intrauterine after relief of dystocia, while the control group (Group II; n = 15) received 500 mL NS as a placebo. Average uterine involution scores on Day 20, Day 45, and combined were significantly better ( p < 0.05) in treated buffaloes, with 73.33% of controls exhibiting delayed involution. Treated animals showed a significant reduction ( p < 0.05) in uterine infections. Blood lactate (bLac) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were lower ( p < 0.05) in the treatment group on both days, with bLac showing a strong negative correlation ( p < 0.05) and CK a moderate negative correlation with uterine involution scores. Milk production was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the treatment group on Day 20 and Day 45. The cumulative pregnancy rate by Day 250 postpartum was greater in treated buffaloes (80.0%) than controls (46.67%), with a tendency toward improvement ( X 2 = 3.35; p = 0.067). In conclusion, intrauterine administration of proteolytic enzymes immediately after assisted delivery accelerated uterine involution, reduced uterine infections, improved milk yield, and enhanced fertility in dystocia‐affected buffaloes. Additionally, bLac and CK were identified as potential biomarkers for monitoring uterine health in the postpartum period.