Landscape design plays a critical role in shaping human experience within university environments, particularly in hilly terrains where daily movement can influence stress and comfort levels. While previous studies have emphasized accessibility, walkability, and aesthetics, limited attention has been given to slope treatment as a factor affecting psychological well-being. This study examines the relationship between landscape slope design and perceived stress and comfort among users at Caleb University. A quantitative method approach was adopted, using structured questionnaires to assess user perceptions and behaviors. The findings indicate that steep gradients, poor surface conditions, and high visual exposure increase anticipatory stress and avoidance behavior, while gentle slopes and well-designed pathways enhance comfort and usability. The study provides evidence-based recommendations for improving campus landscape design to promote accessibility, reduce stress, and enhance overall user experience.
Adeyemi et al. (2026) studied this question.