Multi-Scenario Life Cycle Assessment of Recycled Tire Rubber in Urban Sports Infrastructure

As the development speed of automobiles accelerates, the amount of used tyres has risen sharply; as a result, environmental problems related to these old tyres have become more severe. Used-tire Rubber is now one of the main secondary materials for urban sports Construction that Artificial Turf and Running Tracks are made from because it can provide good Wear Resistance and Shock Absorption. Most existing life-cycle assessments (LCAs) have focused more on the recycling technology than other aspects of production process or downstream usage scenario so far. A cradle-to-grab LCA based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 is carried out here to assess the environmental effect of recycled tyre rubber applied in urban sports facilities. The System Boundary consists of ELT collection, Mechanical Recycling, Material Substitution, Use-Phase Maintenance, End-of-Life Treatment, etc. Multiple scenarios were examined based on secondary data from peer-reviewed literature and an existing LCA database to determine GWP and CED for a global warming impact assessment; It was found that there would be little difference among them. The result showed that recycled tire rubber-based sport infrastructures have lower Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas emissions and Energy Consumption compared with traditional Materials primarily because of Material Substitution effect, Extended Service Lifespan, etc., whereas an integrated value recovery Scenarios appeared most environmentally favourable. This result is supported by previous LCA studies. Akhtar and Tsang (2024) reported that incorporating 30% recycled tire rubber into infrastructure systems can reduce energy consumption by approximately 153.50 MJ/m 3 and decrease carbon emissions by 30.75 kg CO 2 eq/m 3 , demonstrating the significant environmental advantages of recycled rubber compared with conventional materials. By integrating waste tire recycling into long-lasting urban Infrastructure Applications in one Unified LC A System; This Study Bridges the gap of Recycling Processes to downstream Material Utilisation; And provides a Systems-Level View on Circular Urban Development.