Systematic review reconstructs concepts of zero and cognitive errors in mathematics, suggesting a new theoretical system.
Throughout the development of human mathematical civilization, the cognitive deviation toward zero originating from low-dimensional perceptual limitation constitutes the fundamental origin of the notorious infinitesimal paradox. Based on the Phase-Fusion Universal Structure (PFUS), this study systematically reviews the historical misunderstandings of zero from dimensional empirical arithmetic perspectives, accomplishes profound ontological reconstruction of zero, and defines zero functions as the universal cosmic coupling interface that facilitates dimensional connection and phase transition. This research corrects long-standing cognitive deviations that have prevailed for millennia within fundamental mathematics and constructs a new unified theoretical system bridging mathematics and fundamental physics.
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Zhenmin Wang (2026) studied this question.
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