Lower Plasma Magnesium, Measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, is Associated with Increased Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women: Results from a Dutch Prospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Low circulating magnesium (Mg) is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to study the performance of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based assay that quantifies ionized Mg in EDTA plasma samples and prospectively investigate the association of Mg with the risk of T2DM. METHODS: The analytic performance of an NMR-based assay for measuring plasma Mg was evaluated. We studied 5747 subjects free of T2DM at baseline in the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) study. In women, we found an inverse association between Mg and the risk of developing T2DM, independent of adjustment for potential confounders (HR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.20⁻2.70). In men, we found no association between Mg and the risk of developing T2DM (HR: 0.90; 95%: 0.67⁻1.21). CONCLUSION: Lower NMR-measured plasma ionized Mg was independently associated with a higher risk of developing T2DM in women, but not in men.