Ionothermal Synthesis of Zeolites, Metal–Organic Frameworks, and Inorganic–Organic Hybrids

Ionothermal synthesis, the use of ionic liquids as both solvent and template (structure-directing agent), has been used to prepare zeolites and inorganic-organic hybrids such as metal-organic frameworks. The underlying properties of the ionothermal method are discussed, and it is compared with traditional hydrothermal preparative methods. The materials resulting from ionothermal synthesis are described, and any structural features that can be related to the ionic liquid used as the solvent are discussed. Future areas of potential interest are also considered.