Prevalence and Prognostic Implications of Diabetes With Cardiomyopathy in Community-Dwelling Adults

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is associated with abnormalities in cardiac remodeling and high risk of heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic implications of diabetes with cardiomyopathy (DbCM) among community-dwelling individuals. METHODS: Adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease or HF were pooled from 3 cohort studies (ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities, CHS Cardiovascular Health Study, CRIC Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort). Among participants with diabetes, DbCM was defined using different definitions: 1) least restrictive: ≥1 echocardiographic abnormality (left atrial enlargement, left ventricle hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction); 2) intermediate restrictive: ≥2 echocardiographic abnormalities; and 3) most restrictive: elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (>125 in normal/overweight or >100 pg/mL in obese) plus ≥2 echocardiographic abnormalities. Adjusted Fine-Gray models were used to evaluate the risk of HF. RESULTS: Among individuals with diabetes (2,900 of 10,208 included), the prevalence of DbCM ranged from 67.0% to 11.7% in the least and most restrictive criteria, respectively. Higher fasting glucose, body mass index, and age as well as worse kidney function were associated with higher risk of DbCM. The 5-year incidence of HF among participants with DbCM ranged from 8.4%-12.8% in the least and most restrictive definitions, respectively. Compared with euglycemia, DbCM was significantly associated with higher risk of incident HF with the highest risk observed for the most restrictive definition of DbCM (HR: 2.55 95% CI: 1.69-3.86; least restrictive criteria HR: 1.99 95% CI: 1.50-2.65). A similar pattern of results was observed across cohort studies, across sex and race subgroups, and among participants without hypertension or obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the criteria used to define cardiomyopathy, DbCM identifies a high-risk subgroup for developing HF.