CT Manifestations of HIV-associated Pulmonary Infections and Noninfectious Mimics in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

Antiretroviral therapy has transformed treatment of HIV infection from a fatal disease into a chronic condition, yet opportunistic infections remain prevalent in patients with declining CD4 cell counts, requiring a pattern-based radiologic approach and vigilant clinical assessment to differentiate infections, malignancies, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.