The aim is to review recent developments in porous materials for cell encapsulation and their applications.
Summary of synthesis strategies for cells@MOFs, cells@COFs, and cells@HOFs.
Evaluation of cell–framework interactions and viability assessment.
Discussion of advanced biotechnological applications.
Recent materials show improved cell viability and functionality.
Enhanced applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering are highlighted.
Innovative synthesis methods are enabling new interactions between cells and framework materials.
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in cells@MOFs, cells@COFs, and cells@HOFs: synthesis strategies, cell–framework interactions, viability assessment, and advanced biotechnological applications.